Grammicolepidid

1956, Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin, Volume 7, Division of Systematic Biology, Stanford University, page 91, However, the peculiar Grammicolepididae may be rather closely allied to the Oreosomatidae, and the spikes or hooks seen on the sides of some grammicolepidids (see especially Barnard, 1940, p. 11 and plate, on Xenolepidichthys americanus in South Africa) may be the homologues of the "hills" of Oreosoma.

2005, J. G. Ditty, Chapter 105: Families Parazenidae, Zeniontidae, Zeidae, Oreosomatidae, & Grammicolepidae, William J. Richards (editor), Early Stages of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide for the Western Central North Atlantic, Volume 2, page 1109, Grammicolepidids have dorsoventrally elongate linear scales rather than the cycloid or ctenoid scales of other zeiform families.

Only zanclids, caproids, luvarids, menids, grammicolepidids and perhaps siganids and leiognathids have larvae that could be confused with acanthurids.