Unprompted

The unprompted, rapid, and reliable emergence of hierarchical relationships within human social groups (Gruenfeld & Tiedens, 2010; Leavitt, 2005) means that differences in social status exist in perhaps all human social environments (Anderson & Kilduff, 2009; Gould, 2002; Ridgeway, 1991).

Donald Trump’s frequently bizarre public appearances, which this month have seen the president claim, wrongly, that his uncle knew the Unabomber and rant unprompted about windmills on his recent trip to the UK, have once again raised questions about his mental acuity, experts say.

"Seven years," he confirms. "Nobody else has done more than four. The job has been wonderfully rewarding, but very full-on. There hasn't been a lot of time in my life for normal things. I needed to find a better balance." Unprompted, he dives straight into the obvious question: having told everyone he intended to be the last chief executive of Network Rail, why the change of heart?

We observed occasional expressions of negative self-image, though these were mild and typically arose in response to task failures or perceived missteps rather than arising unprompted.